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Bulimia nervosa, also known as simply bulimia, is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging. Binge eating refers to eating a large amount of food in a short amount of time. Purging refers to attempts to rid oneself of the food consumed. This may be done by vomiting or taking a laxative. Other efforts to lose weight may include the use of diuretics, stimulants, fasting, or excessive exercise.〔 Most people with bulimia have a normal weight. The forcing of vomiting may result in thickened skin on the knuckles and breakdown of the teeth. Bulimia is frequently associated with other mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, and problems with drugs or alcohol.〔 There is also a higher risk of suicide and self-harm.〔 Bulimia is more common among those who have a close relative with the condition.〔 The percentage risk that is estimated to be due to genetics is between 30% and 80%.〔 Other risk factors for the disease include psychological stress, cultural pressure for a certain body type, poor self-esteem, and obesity.〔〔 Living in a culture that promotes dieting and having parents that worry about weight are also risks.〔 Diagnosis is based on a person's medical history,〔 however this is difficult as people are usually secretive about their binge eating and purging habits.〔 Furthermore, the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa takes precedence over that of bulimia.〔 Other similar disorders include binge eating disorder, Kleine-Levin syndrome, and borderline personality disorder.〔 Cognitive behavioral therapy is the primary treatment for bulimia.〔 Antidepressants of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) or tricyclic antidepressant class may have a modest benefit.〔 While outcomes with bulimia are typically better than in those of anorexia, the risk of death among those affected is higher than that of the general population.〔 At 10 years after receiving treatment about 50% of people are fully recovered.〔 Globally, bulimia was estimated to affect 6.5 million people in 2013. About 1% of young women have bulimia at a given point in time and about 2% to 3% of women have the condition at some point in their lives. The condition is less common in the developing world.〔 Bulimia is about nine times more likely to occur in women than men. Among women, rates are highest in young adults. Bulimia was named and first described by the British psychiatrist Gerald Russell in 1979. ==Signs and symptoms== Bulimia typically involves rapid and out-of-control eating, which may stop when the bulimic is interrupted by another person or the stomach hurts from over-extension, followed by self-induced vomiting or other forms of purging. This cycle may be repeated several times a week or, in more serious cases, several times a day and may directly cause: * Chronic gastric reflux after eating * Dehydration and hypokalemia caused by frequent vomiting * Electrolyte imbalance, which can lead to abnormal heart rhythms, cardiac arrest, and even death * Esophagitis, or inflammation of the esophagus * Mallory-Weiss tears * Boerhaave syndrome, a rupture in the esophageal wall due to vomiting * Oral trauma, in which repetitive insertion of fingers or other objects causes lacerations to the lining of the mouth or throat * Severe dental erosion * Perimolysis, or the erosion of tooth enamel * Swollen salivary glands〔 * Constant vomiting can lead to gastroesophageal reflux * Gastroparesis or delayed emptying * Constipation * Peptic ulcers * Infertility * Enlarged glands in the neck, under the jaw line * Calluses or scars on back of hands due to repeated trauma from incisors * Constant weight fluctuations are common These are some of the many signs that may indicate whether someone has bulimia nervosa: *fixation on number of calories consumed *fixation on and extreme consciousness of weight *low self-esteem *low blood pressure *irregular menstrual cycle *constant trips to the bathroom *depression *frequent occurrences involving consumption of abnormally large portions of food As with many psychiatric illnesses, delusions can occur, in conjunction with other signs and symptoms, leaving the person with a false belief that is not ordinarily accepted by others. People with bulimia nervosa may also exercise to a point that excludes other activities.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「bulimia nervosa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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